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R. Donahue Peebles is a highly successful real estate
developer, with a $4 billion portfolio of residential and commercial properties
in the East, the West and Florida. Today, he lives in Miami, but he was born
into a single-parent household in Washington, D.C. His book, The Peebles Principles: Tales and Tactics from an
Entrepreneur’s Life of Winning Deals, Succeeding in Business and Creating a
Fortune from Scratch, offers aspiring entrepreneurs some
lessons learned over the course of his remarkable career. Peebles recently spoke
with former Worth editor Matt Purdue about the upside of the
real estate downturn and how, as a developer, he deals with the challenges of
local politics.
You have numerous successful real estate projects around the
country. Why not stop and relax?
I did my first deal when I was
26. By the time I was finished, I was 29. I was worth millions and I had an
income of about $400,000 a year from that one building. I could have stopped; I
could have retired on that. But the entrepre-neur is not driven solely by
money. It’s also a desire for self-actualization.
There are a couple of types of businesspeople. One makes that
money and says, "Hey, this is great. I’m done. I’m going to retire, I’m going to
protect what I’ve got and that’s it. I’m going to enjoy life." Those people
generally didn’t like the business they were in. They did it because it was a
means to an end and they made some money. The people who like the business
they’re in say, "Hey, it worked out. Now, how can I do this better? I made a few
mistakes on this first deal. I’m not going to make those mistakes again. I’m
going to go back to the drawing board, I’m going to try it again. Because I like
what I’m doing, I’m going to see if I can do it better."
You obviously like that process. Does it differ when you are
working in a hypercompetitive place like Manhattan?
If you are in a particular
business, and you learn it and you understand it, then it can become portable in
terms of geographic location. The first building I did was $10 million back
in 1986, and it was a 100,000-square-foot building. I do the same exercise,
exact same process, in building the $1.6 billion project that we’re doing in
Vegas at Las Palmas.
One of the lessons I try to teach people in The Peebles Principles
is, don’t be afraid of numbers. If you’re going to do something that’s $20
million and it’s the same process as $200 million, great. The same [is true]
about develop-ment: The fundamentals are the same. The players are different,
the process is different, and that differential you can hire. I can hire the top
lawyers. I can hire the top architect. I can hire the top lobbyist, to the
degree I need any kind of political stuff.
Los Angeles has a much more laid-back environment. Also, California—L.A., San Francisco—is a more high-minded business environment. Money
is not necessarily the only element. It is a much more enlightened environment
in terms of environmental [issues], in terms of taking care of other people. New
York is a dog-eat-dog world. New York is capital.
There are also activists in New York who say, "You can’t tear down that 200-year-old building!"
The absolute center of that kind
of thing is San Francisco. We were working on a project in a town called
Pacifica. That city was essentially insolvent; it had about a $1.5 million
deficit on a $22 million budget. [Pacifica is now meeting a budget of $23.9
million.] My project was going to create a lot of money for that
community—$17 million a year, and its budget, total, was $22 million.
But my site had been a rock quarry since the 1800s, and in fact
provided some of the limestone when they rebuilt San Francisco after the 1906
earthquake and fire. Next to me is some land where the San Francisco garter
snake and the red-legged frog exist. In an effort to stop development, years ago
environmentalists tagged our site as an environmental habitat. Well, I went out
and I hired an expert on snakes. We had 100-something traps. Within a year, we
didn’t find one San Francisco garter snake. We found three frogs.
The environmentalists opposed our project because they wanted us
to re-create and make that into an environmental habitat and bring snakes and
frogs from other parts of the area and put them there. This was the last
development parcel in the city. Its whole economic future depended on that.
We’re moving on with our development process, but ultimately there will be a
compromise.
In real estate development, is political know-how as important as business acumen?
When it gets down to the
municipal level of politics, it’s important to support somebody who has the
capacity to win, and somebody who has the philosophical approach that I share
about business. I’ve always had the philosophy about politics that you live to
fight another day. The same applies in business. You don’t go out and alienate
people, and you don’t go out and make enemies—unless you have to. You want to
be able to work with whomever is in office.
I think people are naïve if they assume that you give somebody a
campaign contribution and then that person is going to vote your way or do
something to help you. What I expect is a level playing field and candor. And
access. I want to be able to sit down and explain my position. That’s what
supporting someone will get you, or should get you.
What’s your take on the current real estate downturn? Many investors are hurting.
For the last three years it has
been very hard for a small or medium-size investor—those worth up to $5
million—to make big money in the real estate market. Because people were paying
such high prices, the prospects for appreciation were weakened. And then, of
course, we’ve had our downturn. You make the most money in real estate when
the market pulls back. Real estate is a great business because it’s cyclical,
and it runs in a 10- to 15-year cycle.
The advantage the wealthy had—and so much wealth was created after
the big downturn in the real estate market in the beginning of the 1990s—is that
they and private equity groups started to buy. And they were buying at great
prices. The environment that hurts the overall real estate economy is better for
those who have some capital.
Now is the time to buy, to get educated and gear up, to start
getting your lines of credit in place. The key in real estate is that you make
your money on the buy side.
And even as we stand today, the real estate market is better than
it was at its peak in the 1980s. Forget about the abstract statistics that say
we are down 25 percent from March of last year. Of course we are, because we
were at such a stratospheric level that it only could go one place—down. But if
you look at median price, you look at velocity of sales activity, we are still
better off.
Why write a book?
I knew there was a market for a
book like The Peebles
Principles because there are really not many
books like it. Real estate is an entrepreneurial business; every building, every
hotel is a new business. It has a lot of regulation to it, a lot of finance. It
has some interesting twists. And there hasn’t really been an entrepreneurial
book out there about how someone with limited education and resources, starting
off with no money, can build a successful business, create wealth and have some
fun in the process.
I made the decision that if I am going to ask people to take the
time to read the book and spend their money to buy it, I need to tell them the
truth. And the truth is, not every deal works out the way you want it to.
You’re going to make some mistakes—actually, you’re going to make a lot of
mistakes—in the process. It’s how you handle those mistakes and how you handle
adversity that makes you an effective and successful entrepreneur. It’s hard to
understand how to handle those types of challenges without experiencing them. So
the next best way to experiencing something is to read about it from somebody
who has been there.
You have to be convinced that you have something of value to provide to the world.
To be successful in anything—to
be a successful person, to be a successful teacher, to be a successful writer,
to be a successful businessperson—you have to believe that you are good at what
you do, and that you can do it. If you don’t, then you’re not going to get to
where you want to be.
You and your wife, Katrina, have two children, ages 13 and 4.
What do you teach them about wealth and affluence?
I’m not interested in giving
Donahue or Chloe all the things that I couldn’t have. I make sure that I don’t
spoil my children, and I also make sure that, at a very early age, they
understand that the world out there is broad and [there are people] from all
walks of life. So they travel with us quite a bit. We contribute toys and food
over the holidays to needy families, to needy schools, and Donahue has been
going with me to do that since he was 4.
I have made sure that I expose Donahue to kids from all walks of
life. That’s one of the reasons I coached him in basketball for seven years
now. And I bring kids from all different neighborhoods.
We talk about society, we talk about politics. Ever since he was
about 6, we read a section of the New York
Times every day. Every Sunday we would sit
at the table and pick a section, and I’d read him something about world affairs
and so forth.
Photograph by Carlos Miller. |