Layard has also gone so far as to recommend more taxes on
high-income individuals to encourage people to jump off this treadmill.
Likewise, Robert Frank, a professor of economics at Cornell University, has
suggested new taxes on luxury goods to discourage excessive consumption.
Happiness stops rising with incomes. | It is good news that economists ponder what wealth creation is
actually for, but highly selective evidence forms the basis for the
money-doesn’t-buy-happiness bandwagon. The case for luxury taxes is based on
psychological, rather than econometric, results. We also see that people quickly
become habituated to changes in their circumstances, so huge investment returns
or a large liquidity event will make individuals happier only for a year or two.
While evidence verifies that too much choice when buying consumer goods such as
wine or watches can cause stress, we also have plenty of evidence from the
implosion of planned economies to show that lack of choice makes people very
unhappy.
Personally, I don’t want economics professors and governments
deciding which cars or boats should be available to me. What makes me suspicious
of the motives of the happiness gurus, however, is the fact that they single out
items like cars, but dismiss expenses such as books, charitable causes and other
areas where we face an explosion of choices. Their selection reveals their
own views of what is meaningful in life, rather than an objective assessment of
evidence.
It is great that economists are leading the happiness debate—a
sign of an exciting renaissance in my subject. But it will be a shame if those
with prior political agendas hijack the issue. Many deep questions exist about
the relation between money and happiness, and societies should examine them. A
serious, unbiased assessment of the whole range of evidence by empirical social
scientists would be a tremendous contribution.
Diane Coyle is author of The Soulful Science: What Economists Really Do and Why It
Matters and runs the London-based consulting
firm Enlightenment Economics.
|